After approximately 40 minutes of observation, the scientists noticed something extraordinary : the crack in the platinum began to fuse back together, effectively mending itself. This self-healing process then repeated, with the crack reappearing in a different direction. Brad Boyce, a materials scientist from Sandia National Laboratories, expressed his astonishment, stating, "This was absolutely stunning to watch first-hand. We certainly weren't looking for it."

The implications of this discovery are far-reaching. If fully understood and controlled, this self-healing property could revolutionize various industries, potentially reducing the need for costly repairs in structures ranging from bridges to engines and even electronic devices.

Scientific foundations and theoretical predictions

While the observation of self-healing metal is unprecedented, it's not entirely unexpected. A decade ago, Michael Demkowicz, a materials scientist from Texas A&M University, conducted a study that predicted the possibility of nanocrack healing in metals. His research suggested that tiny crystalline grains within metals could shift their boundaries in response to stress, potentially leading to self-repair.

Demkowicz's involvement in the recent study allowed him to validate his earlier theories. Using updated computer models, he demonstrated that his decade-old predictions about metal's self-healing behavior at the nanoscale aligned with the observed phenomenon.

The scientific community is particularly intrigued by several aspects of this discovery :

• The self-healing process occurred at room temperature
• The experiment was conducted in a vacuum environment
• The metal exhibited an intrinsic ability to repair fatigue damage

Exploring potential mechanisms and future applications

Researchers are now investigating the underlying mechanisms that enable this self-healing behavior. One possible explanation involves a process known as cold welding. This phenomenon occurs when metal surfaces come into close proximity, allowing their atoms to intertwine. Typically, thin layers of air or contaminants interfere with this process, but in environments like the vacuum of space, pure metals can be forced close enough together to literally stick.

The potential applications of self-healing metals are vast and could transform various industries. Here's a table highlighting some possible areas of impact :

While the current findings are promising, further research is needed to determine if this self-healing process can occur in conventional metals under typical environmental conditions. Scientists are eager to explore the possibilities and potential limitations of this groundbreaking discovery.

A new era in materials science

The observation of self-healing metal marks a significant milestone in materials science and engineering. It challenges our understanding of material behavior and opens up new avenues for research and innovation. As Demkowicz noted, "My hope is that this finding will encourage materials researchers to consider that, under the right circumstances, materials can do things we never expected."

This discovery could lead to the development of more resilient and longer-lasting materials, potentially reducing the environmental impact of manufacturing and waste. As scientists continue to unravel the mysteries of self-healing metals, we may be on the cusp of a new era in engineering, where materials can repair themselves, extending their lifespan and revolutionizing countless industries.

Revolutionary wind power for urban environments

The LIAM F1 UWT represents a significant leap forward in urban wind energy technology. Designed specifically for residential use, this compact turbine offers a unique solution to the challenges of harnessing wind power in densely populated areas. Unlike traditional wind turbines, which often face opposition due to noise pollution, the LIAM F1 UWT operates silently, making it ideal for urban settings.

Key features of the LIAM F1 UWT include :

• Compact size : 1.5 meters in diameter
• Lightweight design : under 100 kg
• Noise-free operation
• Inspired by Archimedes' spiral
• Ability to capture low and irregular winds

This innovative design allows the turbine to adapt to changing wind directions, maximizing its energy efficiency even in challenging urban environments. The LIAM F1 UWT's ability to harness light breezes that circulate between buildings makes it a versatile option for homeowners and businesses alike.

Comparing wind and solar energy solutions

While solar panels have long been the go-to choice for residential renewable energy, the LIAM F1 UWT offers a compelling alternative. To better understand how these technologies stack up, let's examine their key characteristics :

While the LIAM F1 UWT boasts impressive capabilities, it's important to note that its annual output of 300 to 2,500 kWh covers approximately half of an average household's energy consumption. This suggests that combining wind and solar technologies may offer the most comprehensive solution for those seeking to achieve 100% sustainable energy independence.

Netherlands : a hub for wind energy innovation

The Netherlands' emergence as a leader in wind energy technology is no coincidence. The country's flat terrain and consistent wind patterns create ideal conditions for harnessing wind power. This natural advantage, combined with progressive government policies promoting renewable energy development, has fostered a climate of innovation in the wind energy sector.

Dutch initiatives in wind energy include :

1. Large-scale offshore wind farms
2. Rural wind energy projects
3. Urban-focused innovations like the LIAM F1 UWT

The country's commitment to reducing fossil fuel dependence has driven the development of technologies like the LIAM F1 UWT, which address the unique challenges of urban energy production. This focus on adaptable, small-scale solutions demonstrates the Netherlands' holistic approach to the global energy transition.

Shaping the future of urban energy

As cities worldwide grapple with the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions, innovations like the LIAM F1 UWT offer a glimpse into the future of urban energy production. By providing a silent, compact, and efficient alternative to traditional renewable energy sources, this technology opens up new possibilities for integrating clean energy solutions into the fabric of city life.

The potential impact of widespread adoption of such technologies is significant. Imagine a cityscape where rooftops are dotted with silent wind turbines, working in harmony with solar panels to power homes and businesses. This vision of decentralized, sustainable energy production could revolutionize urban planning and significantly reduce cities' carbon footprints.

As the global community continues to seek innovative solutions to combat climate change, technologies like the LIAM F1 UWT serve as a reminder that the path to a sustainable future may be paved with diverse and complementary approaches. The silent residential wind turbine's emergence as a formidable competitor to solar panels underscores the importance of continued innovation and adaptation in the renewable energy sector.

The hidden treasure in electronic waste

Electronic devices that we commonly use and often discard contain significant amounts of gold. With gold prices reaching record highs, scrap dealers are now constantly on the lookout for these devices. As technology continues to advance and more gadgets flood the market, it has been discovered that many of these items, frequently thrown away or sold to scrapyards for a pittance, actually contain 22-carat gold.

The motherboards of computers and smartphones, which are often discarded due to malfunctions or lack of updates, contain a small fortune. Some phone repair technicians have even built their livelihoods around salvaging these discarded devices. The connectors on the motherboards of computers and phones are gold-plated, making them valuable components.

A scrap dealer explains, "Motherboards are found in most electronic systems, and 99% of the alloys you see in gold color are actually gold." This knowledge has led to a growing industry of electronic waste recycling, with some individuals learning the trade from those who buy motherboards by the kilogram.

Extracting gold from electronic devices

The process of extracting gold from electronic waste is complex and potentially dangerous. One recycler shared his experience : "I had many defective phones. I spent about a week removing their motherboards. Then, I looked online for ways to extract gold from these motherboards. You need to pour them into an iron drum filled with acid. All the motherboards dissolve, and the gold rises to the surface."

However, it's crucial to note that gold extraction is not a DIY project. It requires specialized equipment and knowledge, and can be hazardous if not done properly. The recycler warns, "It's not possible for an individual to extract the gold themselves; a special alloy is needed, and it's dangerous."

Gold is not only found in smartphones and computers but also in numerous electronic devices due to its excellent conductive properties. This widespread use of gold in electronics has led to the following advice :

• Don't throw away electronic devices
• Avoid selling them at low prices to scrap dealers
• Consider selling them to specialized recyclers for better value

Environmental concerns and responsible recycling

While the presence of gold in electronic waste presents an economic opportunity, it also raises significant environmental concerns. Motherboards contain harmful substances that can be detrimental to the environment if not properly disposed of. These include :

Improper disposal or landfilling of these components can lead to severe environmental contamination. Therefore, it's crucial to ensure that electronic waste is handled by specialized recyclers who can safely extract valuable materials while properly disposing of harmful substances.

Responsible recycling not only helps recover precious metals like gold but also prevents the indiscriminate dumping of worthless plastic parts in nature. By choosing to recycle electronics through proper channels, we can contribute to both resource conservation and environmental protection.

As our reliance on electronic devices continues to grow, so does the importance of understanding the value hidden within our discarded gadgets. The presence of 22-carat gold in these devices highlights the need for more efficient recycling practices and increased awareness about the potential worth of electronic waste. By making informed decisions about how we dispose of our old electronics, we can contribute to a more sustainable and resource-efficient future.

Unveiling hidden treasures with AI and radar imaging

Researchers from Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi, in collaboration with Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi and Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, have developed a novel approach to overcome the challenges of desert archaeology. Their method combines satellite radar imagery with AI algorithms to locate archaeological sites buried under sand dunes.

This groundbreaking technique utilizes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, which can penetrate thick sand deposits, coupled with machine learning algorithms. The result is a powerful tool capable of detecting structures beneath the sand with an accuracy of up to 50 centimeters.

Diana Francis, one of the project leaders, explains, "We have been able to identify previously unexplored areas, providing valuable insights for archaeologists' future excavations." This method offers researchers a robust tool to explore regions that were once inaccessible, greatly facilitating the discovery of archaeological treasures hidden beneath meters of sand.

Saruq Al-Hadid : A testbed for AI-powered archaeology

The archaeological site of Saruq Al-Hadid, nestled in the heart of the Rub al-Khali desert - the world's largest sand desert - has played a pivotal role in applying this revolutionary technology. The site's historical significance lies in its 5,000-year-old metallurgical remains, making it a veritable laboratory for archaeologists.

Using SAR imagery and AI algorithms, researchers have identified new areas of interest that may contain buried structures. These discoveries raise hopes of revealing traces of ancient human settlements. Haifa Ben-Romdhane, a researcher and co-author of the study, highlights that the use of SAR has not only allowed for the detection of these new areas but also enabled the mapping of metallurgical artifacts and ceramics over an area of one square kilometer.

The success at Saruq Al-Hadid opens up exciting possibilities for similar sites in other desert regions, such as those in Saudi Arabia or Egypt. This method offers new perspectives for archaeology in these inhospitable areas, where traditional techniques often fall short.

Transforming archaeological practices through AI

Artificial intelligence is redefining traditional archaeological methods by enabling more efficient resource and time management. Through deep learning algorithms, researchers can rapidly analyze massive amounts of data, particularly from satellite images. Steven Griffiths, Vice President at Khalifa University, emphasizes that AI eliminates the need for lengthy and random excavations, offering archaeologists precise targets to explore.

This approach profoundly alters expedition planning, helping to avoid costly and fruitless operations. The efficiency of AI proves particularly crucial in arid environments where traditional methods reach their limits. Amina Jambajanstsan, a researcher specializing in the detection of medieval burials in Mongolia, is already considering adopting this technology for the Gobi Desert.

The potential applications of this technology extend beyond the Middle East. In Africa, vast territories remain unexplored due to extreme conditions. One of the major objectives is to create regional geospatial databases that could serve as references for predictive models. These models, powered by AI algorithms, could anticipate the location of undiscovered archaeological sites.

Future prospects and challenges

While the initial results are promising, the widespread adoption of this technology faces several challenges :

• Substantial investments in data collection and team training
• Adaptation to diverse environmental conditions
• Continuous improvement of model accuracy
• Validation through ongoing excavations

Diana Francis emphasizes the importance of continuously enhancing model precision to ensure the technology adapts to varied conditions and delivers reliable results worldwide. As excavations at Saruq Al-Hadid progress, they will provide crucial validation for the AI predictions, potentially cementing this approach as a game-changer in archaeological exploration.

The fusion of artificial intelligence and archaeology heralds a new era of discovery. By unveiling hidden treasures beneath the sands, this technology not only enriches our understanding of ancient civilizations but also opens up exciting possibilities for future explorations in some of the world's most challenging environments.

This mission is part of Kinéis' plan to establish a 25-satellite constellation aimed at providing global IoT services, with full deployment expected by mid-2025.

Details of the Launch

The Electron rocket lifted off from Launch Complex 1 in Mahia, New Zealand, at 11:01 a.m. NZST (23:01 UTC on September 20). The five Kinéis satellites were placed into a sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 643 kilometers. This was the second of five dedicated launches for Kinéis, which began in June 2024, and the constellation is expected to offer initial services starting in January 2025.

The Kinéis constellation will provide IoT services with data transmission latencies of 15 to 20 minutes, enabling real-time connectivity for industries such as logistics, energy monitoring, and environmental tracking. Alexandre Tisserant, CEO of Kinéis, emphasized the importance of smaller, more energy-efficient devices, noting that "The competition is too expensive or not small enough. That’s what we see today in the market."

Rocket Lab CEO Peter Beck also highlighted the significance of the mission, stating, "With each mission, we are bringing the world closer together, allowing vital data to be transmitted from the remotest corners of the Earth." The success of this launch further solidifies Rocket Lab’s position as a key player in the small satellite launch industry, offering dedicated launch services tailored to specific customer needs.

Rocket Lab’s Increasing Role in Small Satellite Launches

The successful deployment of the Kinéis satellites marks Rocket Lab’s 11th mission of 2024, setting a new annual record for the company. The Electron rocket has become Rocket Lab’s flagship small satellite launch vehicle, and its ability to provide dedicated launches for companies like Kinéis is a key differentiator in the competitive space launch market. While rideshare missions—which carry multiple payloads from various customers on a single launch—are a popular option, dedicated launches offer more precise orbital insertion, which is crucial for companies like Kinéis that need specific orbital configurations for their satellite constellations.

Peter Beck, CEO of Rocket Lab, explained the advantages of dedicated launches, particularly for companies that have progressed beyond the testing phase and need to deploy operational spacecraft. "We see a number of customers go on a rideshare mission and get prototypes and whatnot on orbit," Beck said. "When those companies need to deploy operational spacecraft into precise orbits, then we see them come off Transporter and onto a dedicated platform." This ability to provide customized launch services has helped Rocket Lab build a reputation as a reliable and flexible partner for commercial satellite operators.

Rocket Lab’s Electron rocket has become the second-most frequently launched U.S. rocket since its first successful orbital flight in 2018, trailing only SpaceX. The company has now deployed nearly 200 satellites for a variety of customers, including NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and Space Force, as well as numerous commercial operators. These satellites support a range of missions, from Earth observation and scientific research to national security and space debris mitigation.

Expanding the Reach of Internet of Things Technology

The Kinéis constellation is set to have a transformative impact on global IoT services, particularly in sectors that rely on remote and hard-to-reach data collection. By enabling IoT connectivity in the most isolated locations on Earth, such as forests, oceans, and mountain ranges, Kinéis’ satellites will play a critical role in advancing technologies like forest fire detection, water resource management, wildlife tracking, and energy infrastructure monitoring. These capabilities will allow users to access vital data in near-real-time, improving decision-making and operational efficiency across a broad range of industries.

According to Tisserant, the company's focus on smaller, low-energy devices is another factor that sets Kinéis apart from competitors. The low energy consumption of Kinéis devices makes them ideal for use in remote areas where power sources may be limited. “When you have someone that is actually launching and has an actual service, it really makes a difference,” Tisserant said, highlighting the significance of bringing tangible IoT services to the market after years of planning and development.

The successful deployment of the second batch of satellites is a major step forward for Kinéis, which is on track to complete its full constellation by mid-2025. By that time, Kinéis expects to offer IoT services with a latency of 15 to 20 minutes, providing an unprecedented level of coverage for IoT applications worldwide. This rapid connectivity will be particularly beneficial for industries that require continuous monitoring of assets and operations in remote locations.

Rocket Lab’s Continuing Growth in the Space Industry

Rocket Lab’s collaboration with Kinéis reflects the growing demand for small satellite launch services as companies seek to deploy specialized constellations for communications, Earth observation, and IoT networks. The Electron rocket has proven itself as a versatile and reliable option for companies that require dedicated launches with precise orbital targeting.

As the company continues to scale its operations, Rocket Lab is also developing the Neutron launch vehicle, a larger rocket designed for constellation deployment and human spaceflight missions. This expansion is part of Rocket Lab’s broader strategy to offer end-to-end space services, from satellite manufacturing to launch and on-orbit management.

Peter Beck underscored Rocket Lab’s role in shaping the future of space exploration and satellite services. "With each mission, we are bringing the world closer together, allowing vital data to be transmitted from the remotest corners of the Earth," Beck said, highlighting the importance of connectivity in today’s global landscape.

In total, Rocket Lab has now launched 197 satellites for a diverse array of customers and missions, with each launch bringing new capabilities to Earth-based users. The successful deployment of Kinéis’ second set of satellites is yet another milestone in Rocket Lab’s journey toward becoming a leader in small satellite launch services.

The launch from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida carried the Block 1 BlueBird satellites into low Earth orbit, beginning AST SpaceMobile's mission to create a global satellite network that offers connectivity without the need for cell towers. This mission represents a major leap in satellite technology, bringing the company closer to its goal of enabling direct-to-device mobile coverage worldwide.

Deployment and Capabilities of the BlueBird Satellites

Each BlueBird satellite is equipped with a 693-square-foot antenna, the largest such array ever deployed by a commercial satellite. These antennas are critical to enabling the satellites to provide direct-to-smartphone connectivity, allowing them to communicate with standard mobile phones without the need for specialized devices. The five 3,300-pound satellites are designed to serve as the foundation of AST SpaceMobile’s network, capable of offering intermittent connectivity over vast areas. While these initial satellites will provide less than an hour of coverage per day in the United States, their deployment is seen as the first step toward a fully operational satellite-based mobile network.

Following the launch, AST SpaceMobile reported that they had established full contact with all five satellites, confirming the success of the deployment. The company’s president, Scott Wisniewski, explained the initial limitations of the system: “Five satellites would only be able to provide intermittent connectivity totaling less than an hour a day in the United States.” Despite this, he noted that even this limited service could be useful for applications like remote monitoring, emergency backup communication, and beta testing with customers who are eager to try broadband services directly from space.

Partnership with AT&T and Verizon for Future Service

AST SpaceMobile’s ambitious plan to provide satellite-based broadband services directly to smartphones is being supported by major U.S. telecommunications companies AT&T and Verizon. Both companies have invested in the venture and are planning to provide the wireless frequencies needed for the service to function on standard smartphones already in circulation. Once a sufficient number of satellites are operational, users will be able to access the network through their regular mobile devices, a development that promises to significantly extend cellular coverage, particularly in remote areas that are currently beyond the reach of cell towers.

While the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has granted AST SpaceMobile conditional approval to operate its first five satellites, the company still requires further regulatory approvals to begin offering commercial services. According to Wisniewski, “When we want to start testing the wireless frequencies, which will be within the next three months, we’ll have either the commercial approval or we’ll file for a temporary test license.” This regulatory process is key to the company’s ability to begin offering full-fledged services to consumers, though AST SpaceMobile has already obtained licenses to test its wireless frequencies in other countries.

Future Expansion Plans and Technology Advancements

The five Block 1 satellites are just the beginning of AST SpaceMobile’s plans. The company aims to launch a total of 45 to 60 satellites to provide continuous coverage across the United States. Chris Sambar, AT&T’s head of network, emphasized the importance of this milestone, stating, “While testing will continue with each launch, we will only provide services to mobile customers when the full array is complete.” Although no specific date has been given for when full service will be available, the September 12 satellite launch is seen as a major step toward making satellite-based mobile broadband a reality.

Looking ahead, AST SpaceMobile has already begun production on its next generation of satellites, known as Block 2 BlueBirds, which will feature even larger antennas measuring 2,400 square feet. These next-generation satellites will have significantly enhanced capabilities, including 10 gigahertz of processing bandwidth, which is ten times the capacity of the Block 1 satellites. This increase in capacity will allow for 120 Mbps peak data rates, providing faster and more reliable internet services to users. These satellites are expected to have a lifespan of seven to ten years, significantly longer than the five-year lifespan of the current Block 1 satellites.

AST SpaceMobile plans to build four to six satellites per month, with the goal of launching as many as possible by 2025. Wisniewski explained that the company’s ability to scale up production will be key to expanding the network quickly, saying, “That’s a big chunk of the way to 45-60 but, as we continue to raise capital, we’re building as fast as we can.” This aggressive timeline reflects the company’s commitment to building a global satellite network capable of providing broadband services directly to smartphones around the world.

Addressing Concerns and Competition in the Satellite Industry

While the deployment of these massive satellites is a technological achievement, it has also raised concerns within the astronomical community. The BlueWalker 3, a prototype satellite launched in 2022, has become one of the brightest objects in the night sky, prompting concerns about light pollution and the impact on astronomical observations. In response, AST SpaceMobile has been working on solutions, such as using different materials and tilting satellites to reduce their brightness. These measures are intended to address the growing concerns about the increasing number of satellites in low Earth orbit and their effect on night-sky visibility.

AST SpaceMobile also faces stiff competition from SpaceX, which has already launched more than 7,000 satellites for its Starlink broadband network. Starlink is currently offering basic satellite-based text services in partnership with T-Mobile, and plans to expand into direct-to-smartphone services. Despite the competition, Abel Avellan remains optimistic about AST SpaceMobile’s prospects, stating, “We’re just getting started… Our next generation of satellites will be three and a half times larger.”

The Environmental Impact of Traditional Cooling

For years, air conditioners have used hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as refrigerants. While effective at cooling, HFCs are potent greenhouse gases with significant global warming potential. The urgency to find alternative refrigerants increased after the 2020 passage of the AIM Act and the 2022 ratification of the Kigali Amendment, both of which mandate a phasedown of HFCs.

One promising alternative is elastocaloric cooling, a technology developed through the collaboration between Dr. Reinhard Radermacher, director of the CEEE, and Dr. Ichiro Takeuchi, interim chair of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at UMD.

Initially, Takeuchi and his colleague were exploring the use of nickel-titanium alloys for medical stents. However, they discovered that stretching and releasing these alloys could produce a cooling effect, sparking the idea to apply this phenomenon to air conditioning.

With funding from the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), Radermacher and Takeuchi combined their expertise to advance elastocaloric cooling technology. This technique involves applying mechanical stress to superelastic shape memory alloys, like nickel-titanium, which release heat when compressed and absorb it when released, thus creating a cooling effect.

[caption id="attachment_8018" align="alignnone" width="960"] Percentage of households equiped with AC in selected countries, 2018.[/caption]

Although the cooling capacity of these alloys is currently less than that of HFCs, they present a safer, more stable alternative as they are made from naturally occurring metals that do not harm the environment.

The CEEE, founded in 1991, has been a leader in researching environmentally responsible energy conversion, particularly in the area of heat pumps. The center regularly undertakes a wide array of projects, involving faculty and graduate students, and has contributed significantly to the field by developing air conditioning design software used globally.

The recent $5 million funding from the Department of Energy has enabled the center to continue its pioneering research in elastocaloric cooling and other related technologies. Radermacher acknowledges that such funding is critical, as the innovative nature of their work requires creative approaches to harness the heating and cooling effects of materials like nickel-titanium.

Future Applications and Global Recognition

The concept of elastocaloric cooling is gaining attention globally, even being highlighted in the World Economic Forum’s list of the top 10 emerging technologies of 2024. The ultimate aim at CEEE is to develop a cooling system that avoids the use of fluids that could release harmful substances into the atmosphere. Initially, the researchers are focusing on creating smaller-scale applications, such as refrigerators and wine coolers, using elastocaloric technology.

Takeuchi is optimistic about the future, noting that the technology has matured to a point where scaling up is the next logical step. “We are plateauing in the energy density,” he said, “which is an indication that we reached a place where technology has matured enough that now all we need to do is scale up, and then we should be able to start realizing real applications.”

A recent breakthrough from the Flatiron Institute's Center for Computational Astrophysics (CCA) in New York City highlights this potential, where AI was employed to determine five crucial cosmological parameters with unparalleled precision.

These parameters, essential for describing the universe's large-scale structure and evolution, were extracted using innovative AI techniques that could also help resolve the long-debated Hubble tension. This study, published in Nature Astronomy on August 21, 2024, marks a pivotal advancement in cosmology, offering new insights into the universe's fundamental workings.

Unlocking the Universe's 'Settings'

Cosmological parameters serve as the foundational "settings" that dictate how the universe behaves on the grandest scales. These parameters include the densities of ordinary matter (baryons), dark matter, and dark energy, as well as conditions immediately following the Big Bang, such as the universe's opacity and clumpiness. Traditionally, these parameters have been estimated by examining the large-scale distribution of galaxies across the cosmos. However, this approach often overlooks finer details that could provide more accurate measurements.

The team at CCA, recognizing the limitations of traditional methods, turned to AI to extract these parameters from smaller scales within the data, something that had previously been unachievable. They trained their AI model on 2,000 simulated universes, each with different cosmological settings. This rigorous training allowed the AI to develop an understanding of how galaxies should appear based on the specific settings of these simulated universes. By introducing real-world observational challenges into the simulations—such as atmospheric distortion and imperfections in telescope optics—the researchers ensured that the AI could handle the complexities of actual astronomical data.

Once the AI was trained, it was applied to data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), which includes observations of over 100,000 galaxies. The results were remarkable. The AI managed to estimate the universe's "clumpiness" parameter with less than half the uncertainty of previous methods. This degree of precision is unprecedented and demonstrates the power of AI to refine our understanding of the universe's fundamental characteristics.

Practical Implications and the Value of AI

The practical implications of this AI-driven approach are vast. Cosmological surveys like BOSS, which span large portions of the sky and collect data on hundreds of thousands of galaxies, represent significant investments in both time and money. As Shirley Ho, a co-author of the study and a leading astronomer at CCA, pointed out, "Each of these [telescope] surveys costs hundreds of millions to billions of dollars. The main reason these surveys exist is because we want to understand these cosmological parameters better. So if you think about it in a very practical sense, these parameters are worth tens of millions of dollars each."

Given the substantial resources involved, extracting the maximum amount of information from these surveys is crucial. The AI method developed by the CCA team allows astronomers to do precisely that. By using AI to analyze small-scale details within the data, the researchers were able to achieve results that would traditionally require far more data. Specifically, the AI's precision was equivalent to what would be expected from a conventional analysis using four times as many galaxies. This efficiency not only saves resources but also enhances the overall value of the data collected, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in cosmological research.

Addressing the Hubble Tension

One of the most intriguing potential applications of this AI-powered method is its ability to address the Hubble tension—a significant and ongoing discrepancy in measurements of the universe's expansion rate. The Hubble constant, a critical parameter that describes how quickly the universe is expanding, has been measured using various methods that yield different results. This inconsistency has led to considerable debate among scientists and has raised questions about whether our current models of the universe are complete.

The AI approach offers a new tool to explore this tension with greater precision. As ChangHoon Hahn, the study's lead author and a researcher at Princeton University, explained, "If we measure the quantities very precisely and can firmly say that there is a tension, that could reveal new physics about dark energy and the expansion of the universe." By incorporating data from upcoming cosmic surveys, which will provide even more detailed observations, researchers hope to determine whether the Hubble tension can be resolved within the framework of existing models or if it points to new physics that could fundamentally alter our understanding of the universe.

The potential to resolve the Hubble tension is not just an academic exercise; it could have profound implications for our understanding of the universe's fate. If the tension is confirmed and understood, it might lead to new insights into dark energy—the mysterious force driving the universe's accelerated expansion—and could reshape our models of cosmology in significant ways.

Released after intense competition from big names like Tesla, Boston Dynamics, and Sanctuary AI, the G1 has impressed with its balance of affordability and performance. While the company’s earlier humanoid prototypes carried a hefty $90,000 price tag, the G1 brings that down significantly while offering more advanced capabilities.

G1's Agile Moves Show It's No Rookie Robot

The G1's abilities go far beyond simple walking. In a recent showcase, Unitree demonstrated its leaping, twisting, hopping, and even dancing prowess. But it's not all about showmanship—the G1 can climb stairs littered with debris, adapt its gait in real time to obstacles, and even jog at up to 2 m/s (4.5 mph (7.24 km/h)). Perhaps most impressively, it maintained balance despite being pushed aggressively by a member of the development team.

Since its debut earlier this year, the G1 has undergone key improvements to prepare it for mass production. Engineers have tweaked both its design and performance, resulting in a sleeker, more efficient robot. While Unitree hasn't yet confirmed that production has begun, the G1 is clearly edging closer to mainstream availability.

https://youtu.be/FuNFr7V7KFQ

Advanced Tech in a Compact Package

Standing 1.32 meters tall and weighing 35 kilograms, the G1 packs serious tech into a compact frame. Its 3D LiDAR and RealSense depth camera are housed behind a visor-like LED-ringed face, allowing it to navigate complex environments with ease. The robot also includes a noise-canceling microphone array for voice command recognition and a 5-watt stereo speaker for clear responses.

The G1's 23 degrees of freedom give it a level of articulation that makes it seem almost lifelike, and its 9,000-mAh battery provides about two hours of operational time. All cables are tucked neatly away to prevent snags and ensure smooth operation.

The Humanoid Race is Heating Up

Unitree’s G1 is entering a rapidly evolving field of humanoid robots, where innovation is advancing at breakneck speed. As the technology continues to improve and prices drop, the future looks bright for general-purpose robots like the G1.

Whether it’s in industry, entertainment, or even personal assistance, the G1’s agility, durability, and competitive pricing are sure to make it a contender in the robotics world.

With an attractive price point and impressive feature set, Unitree's G1 humanoid is more than just a flashy new robot—it's a sign that mass-produced humanoids could soon be a reality.

In summary :

• N Icon Meaning: The N icon on your smartphone indicates that the NFC (Near Field Communication) feature is active.
• Uses of NFC: Commonly used for mobile payments, transport tickets, and data transfer between devices.
• Battery Impact: NFC consumes minimal energy and has little effect on battery life when left on.
• Security: NFC is secure due to its short range, and mobile payment apps add extra layers of security with biometrics or PINs.
• Activation: NFC can be easily toggled on or off through your phone's settings or quick settings menu.

Decoding the N icon on your smartphone

The top part of your smartphone screen displays various icons and indicators to inform you about the device's status and active features. The N icon stands for NFC (Near Field Communication). When this icon is displayed, it means that the NFC feature on your smartphone is activated.

Common uses of NFC

NFC is a wireless communication technology designed for short-range interactions. Its primary uses include mobile payments, transport tickets, and data transfer. Whenever you bring your phone close to a payment terminal or a ticket control device, you are utilizing NFC.

Mobile payments

One of the most common uses of NFC is for mobile payments through services like Google Pay and Samsung Pay. By simply holding your phone near a contactless payment terminal, you can complete transactions securely and swiftly.

Transport tickets

NFC is widely used in public transportation systems. You can use your phone to store and validate electronic tickets, making commuting more convenient. Just tap your phone against the ticket validator to gain access.

Data transfer

NFC allows for quick and easy data transfer between devices. For example, you can share contact information, photos, or links by tapping your phone against another NFC-enabled device. This peer-to-peer communication is efficient and secure.

Impact on battery life and security

Having NFC enabled at all times has minimal impact on your smartphone's battery life because the feature consumes very little energy. The power consumption is so low that it doesn't significantly drain your battery even if left on continuously.

Security

Regarding security, NFC technology is inherently secure due to its short range, typically a few centimeters. This makes unauthorized access extremely difficult. Furthermore, mobile payment apps often require authentication through biometrics or PINs, adding an extra layer of security.

How to activate and deactivate NFC

If you prefer not to keep NFC active all the time, you can easily turn it on and off as needed. Here’s how:

On android devices

1. Settings menu: Go to your phone’s settings.
2. Connections: Open the Connection and sharing or Connected devices section (the name may vary by brand and model).
3. Search bar: Type NFC in the settings search bar to find the option quickly.
4. Toggle switch: Toggle the switch next to NFC to activate or deactivate the feature.
5. Quick settings: You can also enable or disable it from the quick settings menu by pulling down the notification area and tapping the NFC icon.

On iOS devices

1. Settings: Go to the Settings app.
2. Wallet & Apple Pay: Open the Wallet & Apple Pay section.
3. NFC toggle: There is no direct toggle for NFC as it is integrated into the payment and other functionalities by default. However, you can manage NFC-based services through this menu.

Differences between android and iOS

The N icon is specific to android smartphones. iPhones have been equipped with NFC since the iPhone 7, but they do not display any icon to indicate the status of this feature. NFC is enabled by default on iOS, but you can disable it through the settings if you wish.

Android

On android devices, the N icon is visible when NFC is active. This visual indicator helps users know when the feature is available for use. Android’s flexibility also allows users to enable or disable NFC as needed.

iOS

Apple has chosen a different approach by integrating NFC into the operating system without a visible icon. NFC is always active when required for functions like Apple Pay, and users don’t need to manage it separately.

Advanced NFC uses

NFC technology extends beyond basic applications and can be used in more advanced ways, such as:

Smart tags

NFC tags are small, programmable chips that can be placed anywhere. These tags can be programmed to perform specific actions when scanned by an NFC-enabled device. For example, you could place an NFC tag by your door that, when tapped, turns off your lights and sets your phone to silent mode.

Access control

NFC is also used for secure access control. Many modern security systems use NFC badges or smartphones to allow entry into restricted areas. This application is common in corporate environments and secure facilities.

Internet of Things (IoT)

In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), NFC plays a critical role in connecting and configuring devices. For instance, you can pair smart home devices or exchange configuration data with a simple tap.

Understanding and utilizing the NFC function on your smartphone can improve your experience, making everyday tasks more convenient and secure.

In summary :

• One UI 6 Update: Samsung has released a significant update named One UI 6, which includes new features and enhanced security measures.
• Key Security Features: The update introduces automatic blocking of data transfers when using public chargers and restricts app installations to the Google Play Store and Samsung Galaxy Store.
• Activation Required: These security features are not activated by default; users must go to their Samsung smartphone's settings, navigate to "Security and privacy," and enable "Application security" and "Automatic blocker."
• Importance of Updates: Regular updates are essential for maintaining phone security and protecting against evolving hacking techniques.
• Enhanced User Protection: By activating these features, Samsung users can better protect their personal data and enjoy a more secure mobile experience.

Importance of regular updates for phone security

Manufacturers continuously innovate with their updates. These updates are crucial not only for adding new features to our devices but also for ensuring their security. Regular updates to operating systems are essential to counter evolving hacking techniques. This is why it is generally recommended to keep up with these updates, even if your smartphone is aging.

One UI 6: Major update with significant security enhancements

A few months ago, Samsung released a major update for its phones, known as One UI 6. This update introduces several new features, including the addition of the company's proprietary artificial intelligence, Galaxy AI, and enhanced visual improvements with updated animations.

Key security features in One UI 6

The most significant aspect of One UI 6 is its enhanced security features. Samsung recognizes that many of its users frequently use public Wi-Fi networks and chargers while on the go. Unfortunately, these actions pose significant risks to personal data security. Cybercriminals can sometimes infect public chargers with malware and other malicious applications that can be installed on your phone while charging.

The One UI 6 update addresses these concerns by integrating protections against such techniques. It allows users to prevent the installation of applications from sources other than the Google Play Store and the Samsung Galaxy Store. Additionally, it includes a feature to block data transfers when using public chargers.

Detailed security improvements

One of the most notable security features of One UI 6 is the automatic blocking of any data transfers when your phone is connected to a public charger. This feature is designed to prevent any unauthorized access to your phone's data while it is charging in a potentially insecure environment.

Another critical addition is the restriction on app installations. By default, One UI 6 blocks any apps from being installed from third-party sources. This means that only apps from the Google Play Store and the Samsung Galaxy Store are allowed, significantly reducing the risk of installing potentially harmful software.

How to activate the new security features

Despite these advancements, the new security option is not activated by default, even after updating to One UI 6. To activate it, users must navigate to their Samsung smartphone's settings, go to "Security and privacy," and find the "Application security" and "Automatic blocker" options mentioned in this article. This section of your phone contains numerous options to enhance your device's security, and it is highly recommended to explore them.

By being proactive and activating these new features, Samsung users can better protect their personal data and enjoy a more secure mobile experience.